An experiment aimed at evaluating the resistance of barley varieties from the usa to d. Russian wheat aphid rwa, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is a major pest of wheat and barley, especially in warm climates, causing massive grain losses in severe infestation. Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia kurdjumov is widely established in wheatgrowing countries where it causes significant economic losses. Most acceptable and ecologically beneficial aphid management strategies include selection and breeding of d. During the past 20 years, the use of aphidresistant cereal cultivars has proven to be an. Crop science abstract characterization of russian wheat. Aphididae, is one of the most economically important and widely. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, kurdjumov is a destructive global arthropod pest of wheat that causes major wheat yield losses. On average, russian wheat aphids take 9 to 55 days to reach maturity and start reproducing. Pest status and control of the russian wheat aphid,diuraphis noxia mordvilko homoptera. Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, diuraphis. Aphididae fed on resistant and susceptible wheat plants. Novel bioassay to assess antibiotic effects of fungal.
Little information is available on the control of this pest in ethiopia. Evaluation of resistance to the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordvilko, in some advanced wheat lines. Mechanisms of aphid adaptation to host plant resistance. It will also feed on pollen and nectar from flowers when prey is scarce. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, invaded the united states in 1986 and soon became a significant pest of wheat. Distribution and ecology of the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis. Studies on the overwintering survival of tephritis dilacerata. While many hexaploid wheat lines have been identified as rwaresistant, little is known about the mechanisms of resistance of these lines. Pdf the distribution of russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia. Large repetitive sequences between trne and trnf in aphids, gene on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. To characterize aphid mitochondrial genome mitogenome features, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia. It is native to asia, originating in southern russia, central asia, and the middle east. An experiment was set up at the kenya agricultural and livestock. The distribution of russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia.
Alarm pheromone knocks off russian wheat aphids on line pdf. Diuraphis noxia reproduces in high numbers forming colonies that benefits its survival. Barley was included as an additional control for d. Introduction in 2007, a new biotype of the r ussian wheat aphid rwa, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov homoptera. Variation between ethiopian and north american barley. An rnai supplemented diet as a reverse genetics tool to. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, an invasive phytotoxic pest of wheat, triticum aestivum, and barley, hordeum vulgare, causes huge economic losses in africa, south america, and north america. The russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia the russian wheat aphid rwa is a major pest of wheat and barley, and at least 11 biotypes with virulence to wheat resistance genes have been identified 3, 48. The species was introduced to the united states in 1986 and is considered an invasive species there. He is currently a subject editor for journal of economic entomology, a founding editor of arthopod plant interactions. Temperature that best suits the reproduction cycle of the aphids ranges from 15 to 21 degrees celsius.
This arthropod is difficult to manage with pesticides or biological control agents due to the aphids ability to seek shelter in rolled leaves and also to develop virulent biotypes. Diversity and evolution of mariner like elements in aphid. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, is a destructive pest of cereal crops that exhibits virulence to d. Silencing of two insulin receptor genes disrupts nymph.
Virulent diuraphis noxia aphids overexpress calcium signaling. The insect gut, the primary site of defense to ingested toxins, is also a likely site of differential gene expression in virulent insects. Effects of sustained russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia. Ndp 28 v1 national diagnostic protocol for duiraphis noxia 2 subcommittee on plant health diagnostics 1 introduction russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia kurdjumov rwa is a major pest of wheat triticum aestivum l. Virulent diuraphis noxia aphids overexpress calcium. Aphididae w as reported from wheat far ms in the eastern free state of south africa tolmay et al. Genomes of acyrthosiphon pisum, diuraphis noxia and myzus persicae belonging to the macrosiphini tribe, actually available in databases, have been investigated. Aphididae, causes severe damage to barley, hordeum vulgare l.
Pdf the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov hemiptera. Virulent diuraphis noxia aphids overexpress calcium signaling proteins. Although these two types of resistance may reduce injury and yield loss, they can produce selection pressures on insect herbivores that lead to pest resistance. Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia mordvilko rwaresistant tworowed barley hordeum vulgare l. Plant resistance against insect herbivory has greatly focused on antibiosis, whereby the plant has a deleterious effect on the herbivore, and antixenosis, whereby the plant is able to direct the herbivore away from it. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov hemiptera. Pdf the genome of diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small. Aac wildfire was evaluated across western canada for four years in the western winter wheat cooperative registration trials, where it yielded significantly more grain than all of the checks radiant. Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia biosecurity portal. Demographic parameters of diuraphis noxia hemiptera. Both species are known to coinfest the same grass hosts, during the time they enter the sexual phase in the. Selection of reference genes for expression analysis in. Pdf the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is one of the most important pests of small grains throughout the temperate. It was developed using a modified pedigree breeding method.
Russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, was first detected in canada in late july 1988 when a few were found on latematuring spring cereals in southern alberta near the international boundary between coutts and aden. Smith has served as chair of former esa section fa, section f governing board representative, and is an esa fellow. Aim of this study was to develop an effective artificial diet for bluegreen aphid. Rwa 1758 was selected and released on the basis of competitive agronomic performance and resistance to damage caused by rwa feeding. Moharramipour s, movahedi s, saidi a, talebi aa, fathipour y, 2002. Aac wildfire hard red winter wheat canadian journal of. Read comparative gut transcriptome analysis reveals differences between virulent and avirulent russian wheat aphids, diuraphis noxia, arthropodplant interactions on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at. Reproduction and population dynamics as biotypic markers.
Inheritance of resistance to russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordvilko, based on leaf rolling in wheat. In buchnera species from the aphid diuraphis noxia, the genes for anthranilate synthase trpeg were found on a plasmid which consisted of seven tandem repeats of a 3. Determining if parasitoids are present in the garden adult aphid parasitoids are small darkcolored wasps 0. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, is one of the most invasive agricultural. In a new study, the russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia has been shown to be able to hybridize with the native western wheat aphid into progeny that could be more adaptive and virulent to wheat and barley than either parent. Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia, kurdjumov feeding on susceptible triticum aestivum l. Contributions from the ispp executive, council and subject matter committees, associated societies and supporting organisations are requested. The russian wheat aphid rwa, diuraphis noxia mordvilko, is a recently introduced insect pest that is a serious threat to wheat triticum aestivum l. Beginning in the early 1900s, these aphids began to travel from asia to other parts of the world. Diuraphis noxia mordvilko, and one native parasite diaeretiella rapae were reared in.
Aphididae, is one of the most economically important and widely distributed pests of wheat in the world. Nearisogenic lines of triticum aestivum with distinct. The development and use of russian wheat aphid rwaresistant wheat varieties has been constrained by the variation in resident rwa populations and the evolution of virulent biotypes. Progress in russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia mordw. We have analysed the data of 10 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial sequences from 27 populations sampled over 2 years in china. Proceedings of the entomological society of alberta 1993. C y lai, p baumann, n moran journal article research support, u. The effect of russian wheat aphid rwa, diuraphis noxia mordvilko, infestation on the activities of antioxidative enzymes was investigated in the resistant cv. Most aphids are dependent for their survival on prokaryotic endosymbionts assigned to the genus buchnera.
Pdf the distribution of russian wheat aphid, diuraphis. Silencing of two insulin receptor genes disrupts nymphadult transition of alate brown citrus aphid biyue ding 1, feng shang 1, qiang zhang 1, ying xiong 1, qun yang 1, jinzhi niu 1, guy smagghe 1,2 and jinjun wang 1, 1 key laboratory of entomology and. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordvilko hemiptera. Aphididae has been the most important pest of wheat, triticum aestivum, in the summer rainfall production areas of south africa since its first report as pest in 1978 walters 1984. Although transposons have been identified in almost all organisms, genomewide information on mariner elements in aphididae remains unknown. Comparative gut transcriptome analysis reveals differences.
Pdf comparison of development and demographic parameters. It includes the fundamental to translational work of scientists in the areas of microbiology, virology, nutrient cycling, climate change, ecology, agronomy, entomology, computational biology, nematology, plant pathology, and more. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, is originally from asia, particularly southern russia, central asia, and the middle east. The genome of diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small grains. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in. International newsletter on plant pathology ispp newsletter 46 11 november 2016 news and announcements from all on any aspect of plant pathology are invited for the newsletter.
Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia 23 january 2017. The expansive russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordw. More virulent offspring result from hybridization of. A crucial function of antioxidative enzymes is to remove excess reactive oxygen species ros, which can be toxic to plant cells. Aac wildfire is a hard red winter wheat triticum aestivum l. Phytobiomes journal publishes transdisciplinary research on organisms and communities interacting with plants in any ecosystem. Among the functions of buchnera species is the synthesis of tryptophan, which is required by the aphid host. As the model organism acyrthosiphon pisum is the closest relative to. Proceedings of a meeting of the russian aphid task team held at the university of the orange free state, bloemfontein, 56 may 1982, technical communication no. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, is one of the most invasive agricultural pests found across the globe. This aphid is endemic to central asia, southern russia, countries bordering the mediterranean sea, iran and afghanistan durr 1983.
Selection of reference genes for expression analysis in diuraphis noxia hemiptera. It was found that the virulent diuraphis noxia kurdjumov hemiptera. The other russian wheat aphid biotypes, all characterized in the usa, biotype 3, biotype 4 and biotype 5, have. The russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia kurdjumov homoptera. Invasive russian wheat aphid can hybridize native western.
Dishes were checked daily for emergence of adult parasitoids. The russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia is an aphid that can cause significant losses in cereal crops. Read the mitochondrial genome of the russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is one of the most important pests of small grains throughout the temperate regions of. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure youre on a. Evaluation of resistance to russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordwilko in several durum and bread wheat genotypes. Table of contents applied and environmental microbiology. The mitochondrial genome of the russian wheat aphid. Abstract penetration of sink as well as source leaves of wheat plants by the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordvilko was investigated using light, fluorescence and transmission electron techniques, to determine the feeding strategies adopted by the aphid in penetrating and successfully feeding from the phloem, and to assess the structural. Aphididae biotype sam was able to selectively upregulate more transcripts when confronted with feeding on a variety of hosts, than was the case with the less virulent d.
In this study, we explore the population genetics of the russian wheat aphid rwa diuraphis noxia, one of the worlds most invasive agricultural pests, in north. Beginning in the early 1900s it began to rapidly spread from its native origin of asia to other countries by means of wind aided dispersal. A computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective population size using allele frequency data s. Diuraphis tritici gillette is native to the united states and was firmly established on wild grasses before the arrival of russian wheat aphid. Journal of science and technology of agriculture and natural resources, 4. Preliminary evidence of a resistancebreaking biotype of. Molecular cytogenetic and agronomic characterization of.
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